Newsgathering and the Law

VOLUME 1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: FASHIONING THE NEWSGATHERING RIGHT
§ 1.01 The Principle of Freedom of Expression
§ 1.02 The Rationale of Preference
§ 1.03 The Right to Acquire Information and the Right to Know
§ 1.04 Freedom of the Press
§ 1.05 Newsgathering and the Right of Access

CHAPTER 2 ACCESS TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS: THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
§ 2.01 The Constitutional Law of Fair Trial/Free Press
§ 2.02 The Constitutional Right of Access in the Supreme Court
§ 2.03 Procedural Requirements
§ 2.04 Access to Dockets
§ 2.05 Justice Department Guidelines

CHAPTER 3 FOUNDATIONAL ACCESS: DOCKETS, CASES, AND PARTIES’ IDENTITIES
§ 3.01 Introduction
§ 3.02 Access to Dockets
§ 3.03 Access to Parties’ Identities and the Use of Pseudonyms
§ 3.04 Access to Concluded Proceedings

CHAPTER 4 ACCESS TO JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS: THE LOWER COURTS
§ 4.01 Criminal Proceedings
§ 4.02 Civil Proceedings
§ 4.03 Civil Commitment Proceedings

CHAPTER 5 TECHNOLOGY IN THE COURTROOM
§ 5.01 Introduction
§ 5.02 Supreme Court Precedent
§ 5.03 Federal Court Proceedings
§ 5.04 State Court Proceedings
§ 5.05 Instant Communications Inside the Courtroom

CHAPTER 6 ACCESS TO JUDICIAL RECORDS: CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
§ 6.01 Sources of the Access Right
§ 6.02 Records of Criminal Proceedings

CHAPTER 7 ACCESS TO JUDICIAL RECORDS: CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
§ 7.01 Records in Civil Proceedings—In General
§ 7.02 Discovery Materials
§ 7.03 Settlement Agreements
§ 7.04 Court Files
§ 7.05 Other Civil Court Records
§ 7.06 Bankruptcy Court Records

CHAPTER 8 GAG ORDERS AND ACCESS TO PARTICIPANTS IN THE JUDICIAL PROCESS
§ 8.01 Participants in the Judicial Process
§ 8.02 Attorneys
§ 8.03 Restrictions on Paying Witnesses for Interviews

CHAPTER 9 ACCESS TO VOIR DIRE AND JURY INFORMATION
§ 9.01 Introduction
§ 9.02 Access to Jury Proceedings
§ 9.03 Jury Records
§ 9.04 Interviews with Jurors

CHAPTER 10 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS INVOLVING MILITARY TRIBUNALS, NATIONAL SECURITY AND CLASSIFIED INFORMATION
§ 10.01 Introduction
§ 10.02 Access to Military Tribunals
§ 10.03 Access to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
§ 10.04 Classified Information in Criminal Prosecutions
§ 10.05 Classified Information in Civil Proceedings
§ 10.06 National Security Letters

CHAPTER 11 ACCESS TO JUVENILE COURTS
§ 11.01 Juvenile Proceedings
§ 11.02 Juvenile Records

CHAPTER 12 ACCESS TO THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES
§ 12.01 Access to Executive and Legislative Events
§ 12.02 Constitutional Overview
§ 12.03 Nonstatutory Access to Executive Events
§ 12.04 Non-Statutory Access to Legislative Proceedings
§ 12.05 Non-Statutory Access to Administrative Proceedings
§ 12.06 Statutory Access to Federal Government Meetings
§ 12.07 Statutory Access to Meetings of State and Local Government

CHAPTER 13 ACCESS TO PUBLIC PLACES AND EVENTS
§ 13.01 Prisons and Prisoners
§ 13.02 Executions
§ 13.03 Disaster, Accident and Crime Scenes
§ 13.04 Voters and Polling Places
§ 13.05 Military Operations

VOLUME 2

CHAPTER 14 ACCESS TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RECORDS
§ 14.01 Introduction
§ 14.02 The Freedom of Information Act
§ 14.03 Access to Records Under the Federal Advisory Committee Act
§ 14.04 Presidential Records Act

CHAPTER 15 ACCESS TO STATE GOVERNMENT RECORDS
§ 15.01 Introduction
§ 15.02 Records
§ 15.03 Organizations
§ 15.04 Procedures
§ 15.05 Exemptions from Disclosure
§ 15.06 Segregation of Exempt Material
§ 15.07 Categories of Records
§ 15.08 Administrative Appeals
§ 15.09 Litigation

CHAPTER 16 NEWSGATHERING LIABILITY
§ 16.01 Introduction
§ 16.02 Common Sources of Newsgathering Liability
§ 16.03 Potentially Dispositive Non-Constitutional Issues
§ 16.04 The First Amendment and Newsgathering Liability

CHAPTER 17 NEWSGATHERING IN NONGOVERNMENTAL PLACES
§ 17.01 Introduction
§ 17.02 Public Places
§ 17.03 Crime and Disaster Scenes
§ 17.04 Private Property
§ 17.05 Accompanying Authorized Individuals
§ 17.06 Consent: Special Issues

CHAPTER 18 THE MEANS OF NEWSGATHERING
§ 18.01 Introduction
§ 18.02 Misrepresentation and Impersonation
§ 18.03 Theft, Conversion, and Unlawfully Acquired Documents
§ 18.04 Other Criminal Liability
§ 18.05 Sources and Interview Subjects
§ 18.06 Stake Outs
§ 18.07 Communications in the Newsgathering Process
§ 18.08 Audio Recording
§ 18.09 Hidden Cameras
§ 18.10 Unauthorized Access to Computer Systems
§ 18.11 Drones

CHAPTER 19 EVOLUTION OF THE JOURNALIST’S PRIVILEGE
§ 19.01 Introduction
§ 19.02 The Privilege at Early Common Law
§ 19.03 The Constitutional Privilege: The Early Cases
§ 19.04 Branzburg v. Hayes: The Consolidated Cases
§ 19.05 Branzburg v. Hayes
§ 19.06 Branzburg as Applied By the Supreme Court
§ 19.07 Branzburg as Applied By the Lower Courts
§ 19.08 The Journalist’s Privilege Abroad

CHAPTER 20 STATE SHIELD LAWS AND FEDERAL CODIFICATIONS
§ 20.01 Introduction
§ 20.02 State Shield Laws
§ 20.03 Federal Codifications

CHAPTER 21 THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND COMMON LAW PRIVILEGES
§ 21.01 Introduction
§ 21.02 The Constitutional Privilege
§ 21.03 Common Law Privilege

CHAPTER 22 THE PRIVILEGE ON THE INTERNET
§ 22.01 Introduction
§ 22.02 The Evolving Standard—Expressive Speech
§ 22.03 The Evolving Standard—Other Claims
§ 22.04 Discovery of Third Parties
§ 22.05 Standing
§ 22.06 Jurisdiction
§ 22.07 Journalists’ Privilege
§ 22.08 Discovery in Criminal Cases
§ 22.09 Anti-SLAPP Statutes

APPENDIX A FEDERAL STATUTES

APPENDIX B STATE STATUTES

TABLE OF CASES
TABLE OF STATUTES
INDEX