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The seventh edition of Understanding Copyright is a major revision of this classic student treatise. In addition to including the latest case law developments, this edition incorporates the Music Modernization Act of 2018. The seventh edition covers all aspects of the MMA, a dazzling legislative overhaul of the musical copyright, which among its other provisions, creates a new blanket license for digital deliveries and provides protection to pre-1972 sound recordings.
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Table of contents
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO COPYRIGHT ANDINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
I: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
II: JUSTIFICATIONS FOR COPYRIGHT LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
III: COPYRIGHT, PATENT, AND TRADEMARK COMPARED . . . . . . . . 31
Chapter 2 SUBJECT MATTER OF COPYRIGHT: GENERAL STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
I: FIXATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
II: ORIGINALITY AND AUTHORSHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
III: COMPILATIONS AND DERIVATIVE WORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
IV: NON-COPYRIGHTABLE SUBJECT MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Chapter 3 WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP: CATEGORIES OF COPYRIGHTABLE SUBJECT MATTER . . . . . . . . . . 97
I: WORKS OF AUTHORSHIP: OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
II: LITERARY WORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
III: PICTORIAL, GRAPHIC, AND SCULPTURAL WORKS: THE UTILITARIAN OBJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
IV: OTHER CATEGORIES OF COPYRIGHTABLE SUBJECT MATTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Chapter 4 PUBLICATION, NOTICE, AND OTHER FORMALITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
I: PUBLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
II: NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
III: THE MANUFACTURING CLAUSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Chapter 5 OWNERSHIP OF COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
I: INITIAL OWNERSHIP: WORKS MADE FOR HIRE AND JOINT WORKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
II: TRANSFERS OF COPYRIGHT INTERESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Chapter 6 DURATION, RENEWAL, TERMINATION OFTRANSFERS, AND RESTORATION OF COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
I: DURATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
II: RENEWAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
III: TERMINATION OF TRANSFERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
IV: RESTORATION OF COPYRIGHT IN WORKS PREVIOUSLY IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Chapter 7 COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION AND DEPOSIT . . . . 271
I: REGISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
II: DEPOSIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Chapter 8 THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
I: EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS, LIMITATIONS, AND COMPULSORY LICENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
II: THE REPRODUCTION AND ADAPTATION RIGHTS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
III: THE DISTRIBUTION RIGHT AND ITS LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . 326
IV: THE PERFORMANCE AND DISPLAY RIGHTS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
V: BEYOND CONVENTIONAL COPYRIGHT PROTECTION: THE MORAL RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
VI: RIGHTS BEYOND COPYRIGHT IN THE DIGITAL AGE: THE AUDIO HOME RECORDING ACT OF 1992 AND THE DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Chapter 9 INFRINGEMENT AND REMEDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
I: INFRINGEMENT: SUBSTANTIVE ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
II: THIRD PARTY LIABILITY (CONTRIBUTORY INFRINGEMENT AND VICARIOUS LIABILITY) INCLUDING THE LIABILITY OF ONLINE SERVICE PROVIDERS UNDER THE DIGITAL MILLENNIUM
COPYRIGHT ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
III: REMEDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
IV: INFRINGEMENT: PROCEDURAL MATTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Chapter 10 FAIR USE AND OTHER DEFENSES TO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
I: FAIR USE: THE BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
II: THE FOUR FACTORS INDIVIDUALLY EXAMINED . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
III: SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF FAIR USE ANALYSIS: NEW TECHNOLOGIES, PARODY, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT . . . . 502
IV: THE FUTURE OF FAIR USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
V: OTHER AFFIRMATIVE COPYRIGHT DEFENSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Chapter 11 COPYRIGHT LAW IN A FEDERAL SYSTEM: PREEMPTION OF STATE LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
I: PREEMPTION BEFORE THE 1976 ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Chapter 12 AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
I: THE MAJOR INTERNATIONAL TREATIES INVOLVING COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
II: FOREIGN AUTHORS AND CONFLICTS OF LAW IN INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Table of Cases
Index
